Jurnal Medika Hutama

Management Acute Phase of Caustic Acidic Injury in a Facility without Endoscopy - A Case Report

2024-01-14T15:26:33+07:00

Introduction : Ingesting corrosive substances is a common problem in developing countries because of the easy access to these substances, most of which are alkaline. More than 200,000 cases have been reported in the United States, 10% of the population being adults. In Thailand, 19.5% of cases of ingestion of corrosive materials were found. Acidic and alkaline substances will provide different types of tissue damage. Acidic substances will cause coagulation necrosis with the formation of eschar which can limit further penetration, while bases cause saponification. Appropriate management in the acute phase can prevent further damage and facilitate management in the chronic phase. The following is a case report regarding the acute management of an adult woman who swallowed a corrosive substance.

Case Illustration : A 41 year old woman was referred from the Regional Hospital on the 5th day of treatment with complaints of pain in swallowing accompanied by heartburn after drinking Porstex liquid. When the patient came to the RSUD emergency room in a condition of decreased consciousness and vomiting blood. On initial examination, she was delirium with GCS E3M5V3 with BP hypotension, with normal RR and Oxygen Saturation. The initial supporting examination is a complete blood count (Hb: 15.9, leukocytes: 24,630, platelets: 379.000), normal kidney and liver function, electrolytes within normal limits and no signs of gastric perforation were found in the abdominal X-ray examination. The patient was stabilized by loading crystalloid fluids, installing an NGT, administering PPI injection therapy, antibiotics, anti-bleeding, sucralfate and the patient was completely fasted. On the 5th day of treatment, it was found that the patient had improved hemodynamics and was referred to K Hospital with endoscopy facilities because the NGT production was still black. While at K Hospital the patient underwent another laboratory examination with the results showing hypokalemia (K = 2.9, with GDS = 61). The patient then undergoes electrolyte correction, hypoglycemia protocol, the previous medication is continued and the patient remains fasted. On the 7th day, the patient underwent laryngoscopy with a modified bronchoscopy scope, with the result of laryngitis oropharyngitis. The patient then went home with the NGT still installed. The patient was controlled on the 18th day after the incident with complaints of heartburn that had improved, there was no pain in swallowing, the patient was on a liquid diet, and the NGT was clear so the NGT was then removed and no further endoscopic examination was carried out.

Conclusion : A 41 year old female patient with a history of swallowing corrosive objects presented with acute complications in the form of hypovolemic shock accompanied by hematemesis. The patient underwent resuscitation and conservative treatment and did not undergo endoscopy due to hemodynamic instability. NGT placement is carried out carefully to maintain esophageal patency and observe gastric production. Appropriate acute management can be influential in preventing further damage especially in settings with limited resources. In addition, consideration should be given to referring to a place with endoscopy facilities during the acute phase (<96 hours) to determine diagnostics and prognostics.

FUNDIC GLAND POLYPS: A HOLYSTIC REVIEW

2024-01-14T15:27:35+07:00

Gastric polyps are subepithelial protrusions commonly encountered during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Fundic gland polyps are the most common type of polyps. The diagnosis of fundic gland polyps can be established through Narrow-band imaging (NBI) and forceps biopsy. Further monitoring is not required for fundic gland polyps that do not have malignant potential. This literature review is conducted using online data sources, namely Sciencedirect, Researchgate, and PubMed. In this literature review, the focus will be on discussing the definition, epidemiology, classification, etiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic confirmation, management, and differential diagnosis of Fundic gland polyps.

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA: FAKTOR RISIKO DAN DAMPAK BERAT BADAN LAHIR RENDAH (BBLR)

2024-01-14T15:28:30+07:00

Low birth weight (LBW) is the condition of infants born with a body weight of <2500 grams. The rate of LBW in Indonesia has increased thus it is necessary to know the factors associated with the incidence of LBW to decrease the rate. This article is a literature review article that aims to determine the risk factors that contribute to the incidence of LBW and the impact caused by LBW. There are various factors that influence LBW that can be classified into maternal, fetal, and environmental factors. By identifying the risk factors for LBW and the impacts caused, it is expected that women, especially pregnant women, could avoid such factors in order to avoid the incidence of LBW in their children.

HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DENGAN KEBERSIHAN DIRI PADA PASIEN PASCA STROKE: LITERATURE REVIEW

2024-01-14T15:36:05+07:00

Stroke suatu penyakit defisit neurologis akut disebabkan oleh gangguan aliran darah berupa sumbatan atau pecahnya pembuluh darah di otak. Pasca terserang stroke menyisakan berbagai macam kerusakan fungsional yang berdampak pada keterbatasan fisik penderitanya. Akibatnya penderita stroke mengalami kesulitan dalam melakukan dan memenuhi kebutuhan dasar salah satunya kebersihan diri. Diperlukan bantuan dan dukungan keluarga yang berkesinambungan dalam hal tersebut. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan keluarga dengan kebersihan diri pasien pasca stroke. Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literature dimana diperoleh dari penelusuran artikel penelitian ilmiah sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi yaitu artikel dalam Bahasa Indonesia yang terbit dari rentang tahun 2016-2020 menggunakan Google Scholar & Semantic Scholar. Kata kunci yang digunakan adalah “Family Support”, “Personal Hygiene”dan “Post Stroke Patients”. Hasil: Terdapat hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dengan kebersihan diri pasien pasca stroke yang dijelaskan pada 2 artikel dengan hasil p value = <0,05. Kesimpulan: Dukungan keluarga sangat berpengaruh terhadap kebersihan diri pasien stroke, dimana keadaan fisiknya mengalami keterbatasan dan dalam hal ini perlu mendapatkan dukungan keluarga agar kebersihan diri terpenuhi dengan baik. Adanya dukungan keluarga yang baik maka kebersihan diri pasien pasca stroke akan terpenuhi dengan baik sebaliknya jika dukungan keluarga kurang
maka kebersihan diri pada pasien pasca stroke pun akan kurang

HIPOTIROID KONGENITAL: DIAGNOSIS, MANIFESTASI KLINIS, DAN PENATALAKSANAAN

2024-01-14T15:37:06+07:00

Congenital hypothyroidism is a lack of thyroid hormone production in newborns due to anatomic abnormalities of the thyroid gland, metabolic disorders for thyroid hormone formation, and iodine deficiency. The global incidence of congenital hypothyroidism is 1:2000 to 1:3000. In Indonesia, screening for congenital hypothyroidism has not been carried out nationally, only in a number of areas. Of the 14 provinces in Indonesia, a temporary incidence of 1:2513 was obtained. It is known that 95% of congenital hypothyroidism does not show typical clinical signs and symptoms at birth, so it is necessary to carry out early screening as a step in establishing the diagnosis. Management carried out as recommended by IDAI is by administering L-T4 (levothyroxine) which is given as soon as possible after the diagnosis is established and the best therapy begins before the baby is 14 days old.

Studi Literatur: Penggunaan Media Sosial Sebagai Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Depresi

2024-01-14T15:38:10+07:00

Social media is an internet-based media that can be used as a means of communication and a source of information. As a result, the intensity of social media use is quite high among people. Unwise use of social media can cause a person to experience depression. Based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) theory, perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEU) can potentially affect the low or high intensity of social media use related to a person's level of depression. Depression is a mood disorder characterized by depressive affect, loss of interest or excitement, and loss of energy such as fatigue and decreased activity. The pathophysiology of depression occurs due to an imbalance of the neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain. The etiology of depression can be caused by a combination of factors, including biological, psychological, and social factors. Clinical manifestations of depression can be found in symptoms such as loss of interest and energy, reduced concentration, decreased self-confidence, feeling guilty or useless, pessimism, sleep disturbances and self-harm or suicidal thoughts. These conditions can be prevented by limiting use and doing positive activities. Management for depression therapy can be done with lifestyle changes, psychological therapy and medication. The purpose of writing a literature review is to examine more deeply the use of social media as a risk factor for depression.

Faktor-faktor yang Menyebabkan Stunting pada Balita: Sebuah Studi Literatur

2024-01-14T15:39:11+07:00

Stunting ialah suatu kondisi yang menunjukkan indeks tinggi badan menurut umur di bawah -2 SD yang acuannya yaitu standar WHO. Keadaan ini menjadi manifestasi jangka panjang dari faktor konsumsi diet yang kualitasnya rendah, penyakit infeksi yang muncul berulang dan faktor lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian sistematis artikel penelitian yang mengevaluasi faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan stunting pada balita. Desain penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Didapatkan 8 artikel dengan menggunakan metode berupa analisis sekunder dari kajian pustaka melalui portal database ilmiah berupa SINTA, Wiley Online dan Google Scholar yang diterbitkan tahun 2016-2020 baik artikel nasional maupun internasional. Proses pencarian artikel menggunakan kata kunci dalam 2 bahasa yaitu bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Indonesia yaitu faktor-faktor stunting pada balita dan factors of stunting to toddler. Berdasarkan hasil pencarian ditemukan 56 artikel kemudian diseleksi menggunakan kriteria inklusi dan eklusi hingga menjadi 8 artikel dari 3 negara yaitu Indonesia, Vietnam dan Nepal. Hasil literature review ini didapatkan total keseluruhan responden adalah 91.668 orang dan mengindikasikan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan stunting pada balita yaitu pemberian ASI tidak eksklusif, riwayat penyakit infeksi, status imunisasi tidak lengkap, tingkat asupan energi seperti konsumsi protein; kalsium dan fosfor, BBLR, pendidikan ibu, tingkat pendapatan keluarga, pola makan, tinggi badan ibu, tempat tinggal, pekerjaan orang tua dan kunjungan pemeriksaan kehamilan/antenatal care (ANC). Disarankan bagi peneliti selanjutnya untuk menjalankan penelitian yang lebih dalam perihal faktor yang memengaruhi stunting pada balita.

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA TENTANG BROMHIDROSIS

2024-01-14T15:40:05+07:00

In bromhidrosis, biotransformation of odorless natural secretions into volatile odorous molecules occurs and is closely related to excessive sweating. The distribution of Corynebacterium species also differs among different age groups. Bromhidrosis is more common in men because the number of Corynebacterium in men is higher than in women. However, the Corynebacterium species found differ between the two genders. Sweat is a secretory fluid that routinely moistens human skin and provides skin protection through at least peptide components and antibacterial salts. Staphylococcus spp. have a variable distribution in different age groups. Apocrine bromhidrosis is the most common form of bromhidrosis. BTX A can denervate the apocrine glands by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine, which is a neurotransmitter from the sympathetic nerves that innervate the apocrine glands. Microwave therapy is indicated in patients who have bromhidrosis accompanied by hyperhidrosis.

HUBUNGAN JUMLAH ASUPAN ASAM AMINO ESENSIAL BALITA STUNTING DAN TIDAK STUNTING DI LOKUS STUNTING KABUPATEN LOMBOK UTARA

2024-01-14T15:41:00+07:00

Latar Belakang: Stunting merupakan kondisi gagal pertumbuhan pada anak balita karena kekurangan gizi kronis, terutama terjadi pada 1.000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan (HPK) menurut WHO. Stunting dapat disebabkan oleh gizi buruk, khususnya kekurangan asam amino esensial. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan jumlah asupan asam amino esensial pada balita stunting dan tidak stunting di lokus stunting, Kabupaten Lombok Utara Tahun 2022

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan studi cross sectional. Penelitian ini akan dilaksanakan selama bulan September – Desember 2022. Populasi penelitian ini adalah balita berusia 12 sampai dengan 24 bulan di lokus stunting, Kabupaten Lombok Utara. Pengambilan sampel stratified randomized sampling.

Hasil: Penelitian ini menemukan jika terdapat kekurangan asupan asam amino, termasuk lysine hanya mencapai rata-rata 2.11 gr/hari (4% dari kebutuhan harian), Threonine 1.46 gr/hari (5.4% dari kebutuhan), tryptophane 0.46 gr/hari (6.2% dari kebutuhan), dan Methionine hanya 0.86 gr/hari (3.3% dari kebutuhan).

Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara asupan asam amino esensial dan kejadian stunting pada balita di Kabupaten Lombok Utara. Baik balita stunting maupun non-stunting mengonsumsi leusin secara signifikan, sementara triptofan menjadi asam amino yang jarang dikonsumsi. Sayuran menjadi sumber utama asam amino bagi balita stunting di wilayah tersebut, sementara hati memiliki frekuensi konsumsi terendah.

HUBUNGAN SELF AWARENESS TERHADAP KEPATUHAN HAND HYGIENE MAHASISWA PROFESI NERS FAKULTAS KEPERAWATAN UNIVERSITAS RIAU

2024-01-14T15:45:53+07:00

Pendahuluan: Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs) merupakan infeksi yang diperoleh di rumah sakit dan dapat disebarkan melalui kontak tangan. Salah satu cara yang efektif dan sederhana untuk mencegah HAIs adalah dengan hand hygiene. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan self awareness terhadap kepatuhan hand hygiene mahasiswa profesi ners Fakultas Keperawatan Universitas Riau. Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif korelatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 109 mahasiswa dengan teknik simple random sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner yang telah dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Analisa yang digunakan adalah uji Chi Square. Hasil: Penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas responden berada pada remaja akhir (89%), berjenis kelamin perempuan (79,8%), dan program pendidikan A (72,5%). Hasil uji statistik didapatkan bahwa mahasiswa yang berada pada kategori self awareness tinggi (71,2%) memiliki kepatuhan dalam melaksanakan hand hygiene (p value 0,02 dengan α 0,05). Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya hubungan signifikan antara self awareness terhadap kepatuhan hand hygiene mahasiswa profesi ners Fakultas Keperawatan Universitas Riau. Institusi pendidikan maupun rumah sakit direkomendasikan untuk melakukan sosialisasi dan penerapan hand hygine kepada mahasiswa profesi ners dalam upaya pencegahan terjadinya HAIs.

Pain Assessment and Management in Critically Ill Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit

2024-01-14T15:47:26+07:00

Abstract

Pain is commonly found in critically ill patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU). Inability of verbal communication due to disease, muscle relaxant, restraint or sedation and critical condition due to organ dysfunction are barriers in pain assessment and management which might increase the risk of underrated and undertreated pain thus increasing morbidity and mortality. Pain management in critically ill patients includes pain assessment using reliable instruments accompanied with adequate, evidence-based and multi-modal strategies incorporating both non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment.

Keywords : critical illness; ICU; pain

HUBUNGAN INTERVENSI PERILAKU DALAM UKGS TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN ANAK USIA SD DI KOTA BATU

2024-01-14T15:48:23+07:00

Teeth of elementary school age children are more susceptible to caries and trauma. There is a need for promotive and preventive program to protect children's teeth, one of which is UKGS. Behavioral interventions in the UKGS can be a source of information that can increase the dental and oral health knowledge of elementary school age children. The aim of the research was to determine the relationship between behavioral interventions in the UKGS program on the dental and oral health knowledge of elementary school age children in Batu City. The design method is quantitative research with analytical descriptive survey. This research used a cross sectional approach with multistage sampling. Obtained 116 samples by collecting data through questionnaires. Results showed that behavioral interventions in the UKGS program were carried out occasionally at SD Al-Fattah Integral, routinely at SDN Pandanrejo 2, and often at SDN Tlekung 2. The level of knowledge was good at 61.2%, moderate at 25%, and poor at 13.8%. Kendall's Tau correlation test obtained a correlation coefficient of 0.519 with a significance of 0.000. The conclusion is that there is a significant relationship between behavioral interventions in the UKGS program and dental and oral health knowledge in elementary school age children in Batu City with a strong correlation.

POTENSI EKSTRAK DAUN JATI (Tectona grandis L.f.) SEBAGAI PEWARNA ALAMI PADA FORMULASI SEDIAAN LIPCREAM MENGGUNAKAN BASIS CASTOR OIL

2024-01-14T15:49:08+07:00

Daun jati (Tectona grandis L.f.) memiliki pigmen antosianin yang menghasilkan warna merah alami yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pewarna pada kosmetik. Tujuan dari penelitan ini untuk mengetauhi apakah ekstrak etanol 96% daun jati dapat digunakan sebagai pewarna alami pada sediaan lipcream dan megetahui evaluasi fisik sediaan lipcream dari ekstrak daun jati. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan membuat sediaan lipcream dengan memenfaatkan pewarna alami pada ekstrak daun jati. Ekstrak yang diperoleh dengan cara maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%. Kemudian diformulasikan menjadi sediaan lipcream dengan konsentrasi 0%, 5%, 7,5%, 10%, dan 12,5%. Evaluasi fisik yang dilakukan antara lain uji organoleptik, uji homogenitas, uji poles, uji viskositas, uji pH, uji daya sebar, evaluasi tipe krim, dan uji hedonik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula sediaan lipcream menggunakan ekstrak daun jati menghasilkan warna merah tua (RAL 2002) sampai merah kecoklatan (RAL 3003), beraroma khas, berbentuk semi solid, memiliki pH pada kisaran 4,6-5,9, viskositas pada kisaran 5218-12619 cPs, daya sebar pada kisaran 5 sampai 5,75 , mempunyai tipe krim jenis A/M, menghasilkan warna paling jelas yaitu pada formula 4 dengan konsentrasi 12,5%, uji homogenitas pada keempat formula menunjukan hasil yang homogen. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 96% daun jati dapat diformulasikan menjadi sediaan lipcream yang baik

Keywords: Daun jati; Antosianin; Lipcream

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE ABOUT NASOPHARYNGEAL SWAB AND KNOWLEDGE ABOUT NASOPHARYNGEAL CANCER AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN MATARAM

2024-02-15T11:00:11+07:00

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (KNF) is a malignant tumor that grows in the Rossenmuller Fossa area and at the top of the nasopharynx. KNF is a tumor that originates from epithelial cells that cover the surface of the nasopharynx. Worldwide, the incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is rare, with less than 1 case per 100,000 population. However, in certain parts of the world, such as Indonesia, there are about 5-10 cases per 100,000 population. Therefore, this study aimed to correlate the knowledge of nasopharyngeal swab with the knowledge of nasopharyngeal cancer among university students in Mataram.

Methods: This study is an analytic observational study with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were students at the Faculty of Medicine, Mataram University.

Results: In this study, the results for the greatest knowledge score were sufficient knowledge (score 12-15) of 107 people (53.5%), followed by poor knowledge (score <12) as many as 88 people (44%), and for good knowledge (score> 15) as many as 5 people (2.5%). The results of the spaerman test obtained a Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.003 (P < 0.005), and also obtained the correlation coefficient value for the variable knowledge of nasopharyngeal swabs is 0.206.

Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between knowledge about nasopharyngeal swabs and knowledge about nasopharyngeal cancer in university students in Mataram.

PERBANDINGAN BILIRUBIN TOTAL BAYI BARU LAHIR MENGGUNAKAN SAMPEL SERUM DAN PLASMA K3EDTA

2024-02-17T08:25:24+07:00

Pemeriksaan laboratorium merupakan suatu tindakan dan prosedur untuk melakukan pemeriksaan khusus, salah satu pemeriksaan yang dilakukan ialah bilirubin total. Sebagian masalah yang sering terjadi disini yaitu terhambatnya proses pengambilan sampel pada bayi. Penggunaan plasma K3EDTA untuk pemeriksaan bilirubin sering digunakan karena menghemat waktu dan volume sampel, penambahan antikoagulan K3EDTA yang tidak tepat dikhawatirkan dapat mempengaruhi hasil pemeriksaan. Hal ini menjadi latar belakang pada penelitian ini yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan kadar bilirubin menggunakan sampel serum dan plasma K3EDTA. Uji statistik yang dilakukan pada penelitian yaitu menggunakan uji kolmogorov-smirnov dan uji paired sample T test. Hasil penelitian pada sampel bayi yang diteliti, kadar bilirubin total dengan menggunakan sampel serum memiliki rerata 12.45 mg/dl, plasma K3EDTA memiliki rerata 11.09 mg/dl. Berdasarkan Uji paired sample T test menunjukan bahwa nilai tingkat signifikan sebesar 0,000. Bersadarkan analisis hasil penelitian, dinyatakan bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna pengukuran kadar bilirubin total menggunakan sampel serum dan plasma K3EDTA